latest on non communicable diseases:cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases





 

Non communicable diseases

Fact sheet WHO
Updated April 2017

Key facts

  • Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) kill 40 million people each year, equivalent to 70% of all deaths globally.
  • Each year, 17 million people die from a NCD before the age of 70; 87% of these "premature" deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries.
  • Cardiovascular diseases account for most NCD deaths, or 17.7 million people annually, followed by cancers (8.8 million), respiratory diseases (3.9million), and diabetes (1.6 million).
  • These 4 groups of diseases account for 81% of all NCD deaths.
  • Tobacco use, physical inactivity, the harmful use of alcohol and unhealthy diets all increase the risk of dying from a NCD.
  • Detection, screening and treatment of NCDs, as well as palliative care, are key components of the response to NCDs.

Overview

 

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), also known as chronic diseases, tend to be of long duration and are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental and behaviours factors.
The main types of NCDs are cardiovascular diseases (like heart attacks and stroke), cancers, chronic respiratory diseases (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma) and diabetes.

Who is at risk of such diseases?

People of all age groups, regions and countries
 older age groups, but evidence shows that 17 million of all deaths attributed to NCDs occur before the age of 70.
87% are estimated to occur in low- and middle-income countries
. Children, adults and the elderly are all vulnerable to the risk factors contributing to NCDs
.
These diseases are driven by forces that include rapid unplanned urbanization, globalization of unhealthy lifestyles and population ageing.

Modifiable behavioural risk factors

Modifiable behaviours, such as tobacco use, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet and the harmful use of alcohol, all increase the risk of NCDs.

Metabolic risk factors

Metabolic risk factors contribute to four key metabolic changes that increase the risk of NCDs:
  • raised blood pressure
  • overweight/obesity
  • hyperglycemia (high blood glucose levels) and
  • hyperlipidemia (high levels of fat in the blood).
In terms of attributable deaths, the leading metabolic risk factor globally is elevated blood pressure (to which 19% of global deaths are attributed), (1) followed by overweight and obesity and raised blood glucose.





for more read full article at ....

http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs355/en/

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